USDA Plantings Report 05/06
05/06/2026 | 12:01 am CDT USDA Plantings Report 05/06
Prospective Plantings
ISSN: 1949-159X
Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
Corn Planted Acreage Up 5 Percent from 2024
Soybean Acreage Down 4 Percent
All Wheat Acreage Down 2 Percent
All Cotton Acreage Down 12 Percent
Corn planted area for all purposes in 2025 is estimated at 95.3 million
acres, up 5 percent or 4.73 million acres from last year. Compared with last
year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in 40 of the
48 estimating States.
Soybean planted area for 2025 is estimated at 83.5 million acres, down
4 percent from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is down or
unchanged in 23 of the 29 estimating States.
All wheat planted area for 2025 is estimated at 45.4 million acres, down
2 percent from 2024. If realized, this represents the second lowest all wheat
planted area since records began in 1919. The 2025 winter wheat planted area,
at 33.3 million acres, is down 2 percent from the previous estimate and down
less than 1 percent from last year. Of this total, about 23.6 million acres
are Hard Red Winter, 6.09 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.66 million
acres are White Winter. Area expected to be planted to other spring wheat for
2025 is estimated at 10.0 million acres, down 6 percent from 2024 estimate.
Of this total, about 9.40 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Durum
planted area for 2025 is expected to total 2.02 million acres, down 2 percent
from the previous year.
All cotton planted area for 2025 is estimated at 9.87 million acres, down
12 percent from last year. Upland area is estimated at 9.71 million acres,
down 12 percent from 2024. American Pima area is estimated at 157,000 acres,
down 24 percent from 2024.
This report was approved on March 31, 2025.
Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Seth Meyer
Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Lance Honig
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Principal Crops Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Crops included in area planted are corn, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, winter
wheat, Durum wheat, other spring wheat, rice, soybeans, peanuts, sunflower,
cotton, dry edible beans, chickpeas, potatoes, sugarbeets, canola, and proso
millet. Harvested acreage is used for all hay, tobacco, and sugarcane in
computing total area planted. Values for 2025 were carried forward from 2024 for
potatoes, proso millet, rye, and sugarcane. Includes double cropped acres and
unharvested small grains planted as cover crops]
================================================================================
State 2023 2024 2025 1/
================================================================================
(1,000 acres)
AL 2,120 2,020 1,970
AK 27 31 28
AZ 597 562 574
AR 7,211 7,053 7,146
CA 2,411 2,402 2,271
CO 5,950 5,933 5,896
CT 77 74 77
DE 438 421 421
FL 1,087 1,049 1,059
GA 3,296 3,185 3,250
ID 4,057 4,137 4,105
IL 22,855 22,865 22,870
IN 11,885 11,790 11,940
IA 24,250 24,095 24,260
KS 25,024 23,880 23,420
KY 6,147 6,113 6,081
LA 3,214 3,091 3,063
ME 242 232 222
MD 1,526 1,486 1,497
MA 68 63 63
MI 6,270 6,101 6,206
MN 19,444 19,227 19,281
MS 4,209 4,151 4,180
MO 14,657 13,518 13,600
MT 9,707 9,390 9,374
NE 19,473 19,467 19,453
NV 393 370 360
NH 54 51 53
NJ 305 272 265
NM 855 796 771
NY 2,730 2,733 2,707
NC 4,397 4,222 4,130
ND 24,077 23,297 22,988
OH 9,850 9,800 9,810
OK 10,724 9,760 9,346
OR 1,852 1,875 1,859
PA 3,395 3,289 3,343
RI 8 8 8
SC 1,423 1,367 1,390
SD 17,222 16,836 16,683
TN 5,000 4,818 4,785
TX 22,135 21,144 20,666
UT 856 889 928
VT 254 244 249
VA 2,583 2,347 2,449
WA 3,807 3,679 3,706
WV 654 648 645
WI 7,875 7,937 7,974
WY 1,416 1,191 1,219
US 2/ 319,542 311,208 309,940
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ States do not add to United States due to rye unallocated acreage.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Corn Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AL 330 270 330 122
AZ 105 70 70 100
AR 850 500 710 142
CA 400 410 420 102
CO 1,330 1,460 1,460 100
CT 24 24 24 100
DE 175 165 175 106
FL 90 85 80 94
GA 485 375 420 112
ID 360 380 420 111
IL 11,200 10,800 11,100 103
IN 5,450 5,200 5,400 104
IA 13,100 12,900 13,500 105
KS 5,750 6,300 6,400 102
KY 1,600 1,370 1,600 117
LA 700 470 530 113
ME 28 30 28 93
MD 480 440 440 100
MA 14 14 15 107
MI 2,400 2,250 2,300 102
MN 8,600 8,200 8,600 105
MS 790 490 690 141
MO 3,850 3,450 3,800 110
MT 135 130 130 100
NE 9,950 10,050 10,600 105
NV 13 20 20 100
NH 13 12 13 108
NJ 74 72 70 97
NM 125 100 115 115
NY 1,040 1,020 1,030 101
NC 950 890 910 102
ND 4,050 3,950 4,200 106
OH 3,600 3,400 3,250 96
OK 390 450 480 107
OR 95 100 105 105
PA 1,040 990 970 98
RI 2 2 2 100
SC 365 330 390 118
SD 6,300 5,900 6,300 107
TN 940 700 900 129
TX 2,500 2,150 2,450 114
UT 75 70 85 121
VT 89 94 94 100
VA 495 460 470 102
WA 160 175 170 97
WV 44 41 40 98
WI 4,000 3,750 3,950 105
WY 85 85 70 82
US 94,641 90,594 95,326 105
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Sorghum Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
CO 510 520 550 106
KS 3,600 3,000 3,100 103
NE 340 290 275 95
OK 410 370 400 108
SD 335 420 340 81
TX 2,000 1,700 1,900 112
US 7,195 6,300 6,565 104
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Oat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AR 2/ 8 (NA) (NA) (X)
CA 2/ 90 (NA) (NA) (X)
GA 55 65 70 108
ID 45 40 40 100
IL 55 50 60 120
IA 190 145 150 103
KS 185 160 95 59
ME 22 20 17 85
MI 50 50 35 70
MN 165 205 195 95
MO 2/ 32 (NA) (NA) (X)
MT 65 60 75 125
NE 155 120 130 108
NY 61 60 40 67
NC 37 34 35 103
ND 280 280 300 107
OH 40 40 60 150
OK 2/ 140 (NA) (NA) (X)
OR 20 20 20 100
PA 70 74 60 81
SD 265 270 290 107
TX 390 380 340 89
WI 135 140 165 118
US 2,555 2,213 2,177 98
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Barley Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AK 7 8 8 100
AZ 17 13 15 115
CA 45 40 35 88
CO 55 56 42 75
DE 21 21 20 95
ID 570 530 530 100
KS 16 10 10 100
ME 11 10 8 80
MD 31 31 27 87
MI 7 8 7 88
MN 60 40 65 163
MT 1,190 900 800 89
NY 9 8 7 88
NC 16 16 15 94
ND 690 370 450 122
OR 43 31 30 97
PA 47 40 38 95
SD 38 34 30 88
UT 16 14 13 93
VA 30 24 30 125
WA 95 80 68 85
WI 12 15 12 80
WY 83 74 57 77
US 3,109 2,373 2,317 98
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
All Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AL 205 110 115 105
AZ 38 59 45 76
AR 230 130 120 92
CA 338 315 310 98
CO 2,300 2,100 2,100 100
DE 80 70 55 79
GA 195 145 170 117
ID 1,170 1,210 1,190 98
IL 840 770 780 101
IN 405 310 320 103
KS 8,100 7,600 7,300 96
KY 610 560 500 89
MD 340 325 330 102
MI 600 400 540 135
MN 1,300 1,220 1,260 103
MS 120 60 60 100
MO 780 670 640 96
MT 5,255 5,280 5,210 99
NE 1,130 1,000 970 97
NJ 2/ 34 (NA) (NA) (X)
NM 405 370 355 96
NY 150 135 140 104
NC 480 410 360 88
ND 6,610 6,575 6,360 97
OH 650 520 570 110
OK 4,550 4,350 4,150 95
OR 740 740 750 101
PA 280 240 260 108
SC 110 80 80 100
SD 1,660 1,520 1,460 96
TN 470 380 340 89
TX 6,400 5,500 5,500 100
UT 105 105 110 105
VA 200 150 130 87
WA 2,300 2,295 2,350 102
WI 280 265 310 117
WY 115 110 110 100
US 49,575 46,079 45,350 98
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings for 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Winter Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AL 205 110 115 105
AR 230 130 120 92
CA 320 290 290 100
CO 2,300 2,100 2,100 100
DE 80 70 55 79
GA 195 145 170 117
ID 750 760 790 104
IL 840 770 780 101
IN 405 310 320 103
KS 8,100 7,600 7,300 96
KY 610 560 500 89
MD 340 325 330 102
MI 600 400 540 135
MS 120 60 60 100
MO 780 670 640 96
MT 1,850 1,950 2,300 118
NE 1,130 1,000 970 97
NJ 1/ 34 (NA) (NA) (X)
NM 405 370 355 96
NY 150 135 140 104
NC 480 410 360 88
ND 155 125 120 96
OH 650 520 570 110
OK 4,550 4,350 4,150 95
OR 740 740 750 101
PA 280 240 260 108
SC 110 80 80 100
SD 920 860 800 93
TN 470 380 340 89
TX 6,400 5,500 5,500 100
UT 105 105 110 105
VA 200 150 130 87
WA 1,800 1,800 1,850 103
WI 280 265 310 117
WY 115 110 110 100
US 36,699 33,390 33,315 100
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Durum Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Includes area planted in preceding fall in Arizona and California]
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AZ 38 59 45 76
CA 18 25 20 80
ID 2/ 10 (NA) (NA) (X)
MT 705 880 760 86
ND 905 1,100 1,190 108
US 1,676 2,064 2,015 98
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
ID 410 450 400 89
MN 1,300 1,220 1,260 103
MT 2,700 2,450 2,150 88
ND 5,550 5,350 5,050 94
SD 740 660 660 100
WA 500 495 500 101
US 11,200 10,625 10,020 94
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
All Hay Area Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area harvested
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AL 680 690 660 96
AK 20 23 20 87
AZ 345 310 310 100
AR 1,162 1,230 1,230 100
CA 830 940 870 93
CO 1,220 1,295 1,230 95
CT 53 50 53 106
DE 12 10 11 110
FL 320 300 320 107
GA 510 480 470 98
ID 1,300 1,250 1,200 96
IL 410 445 430 97
IN 530 480 520 108
IA 1,010 1,000 1,010 101
KS 2,795 2,130 2,050 96
KY 2,070 2,100 2,100 100
LA 390 370 380 103
ME 128 118 115 97
MD 205 195 190 97
MA 54 49 48 98
MI 780 760 740 97
MN 1,070 1,200 1,140 95
MS 580 600 640 107
MO 3,855 2,855 2,900 102
MT 2,700 2,560 2,700 105
NE 2,285 2,370 2,150 91
NV 380 350 340 97
NH 41 39 40 103
NJ 97 95 100 105
NM 265 270 270 100
NY 1,120 1,140 1,110 97
NC 657 588 570 97
ND 2,790 1,930 1,870 97
OH 810 790 830 105
OK 4,075 3,360 3,300 98
OR 900 930 900 97
PA 1,200 1,160 1,250 108
RI 6 6 6 100
SC 260 260 270 104
SD 2,955 2,880 2,700 94
TN 1,716 1,645 1,550 94
TX 4,685 4,910 4,400 90
UT 660 700 720 103
VT 165 150 155 103
VA 1,155 970 1,150 119
WA 790 620 610 98
WV 610 607 605 100
WI 1,030 1,290 1,310 102
WY 1,090 890 950 107
US 52,771 49,390 48,493 98
================================================================================
1/ Intended area harvested in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Rice Area Planted by Class - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
Class and State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
Long grain
AR 1,220 1,330 1,320 99
CA 11 8 10 125
LA 390 425 410 96
MS 121 153 150 98
MO 197 214 210 98
TX 125 145 140 97
US 2,064 2,275 2,240 98
Medium grain
AR 215 117 140 120
CA 470 430 420 98
LA 78 48 60 125
MS - 2 - (X)
MO 8 5 5 100
TX 24 3 2 67
US 795 605 627 104
Short grain
AR 1 1 1 100
CA 2/ 35 29 27 93
US 36 30 28 93
All
AR 1,436 1,448 1,461 101
CA 516 467 457 98
LA 468 473 470 99
MS 121 155 150 97
MO 205 219 215 98
TX 149 148 142 96
US 2,895 2,910 2,895 99
================================================================================
- Represents zero.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Includes sweet rice.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Canola Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
ID 2/ (NA) 97.0 85.0 88
KS 1.5 8.5 10.0 118
MN 80.0 110.0 75.0 68
MT 165.0 215.0 165.0 77
ND 1,930.0 2,140.0 2,050.0 96
OK 3.0 21.0 16.0 76
WA 165.0 160.0 165.0 103
US 2,344.5 2,751.5 2,566.0 93
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates began in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Soybean Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AL 350 360 310 86
AR 2,980 3,050 3,000 98
DE 150 155 160 103
GA 160 170 170 100
IL 10,350 10,800 10,500 97
IN 5,500 5,800 5,700 98
IA 9,950 10,050 9,600 96
KS 4,430 4,530 4,300 95
KY 1,830 2,050 1,850 90
LA 1,030 1,100 1,050 95
MD 470 495 510 103
MI 2,040 2,200 2,150 98
MN 7,350 7,400 7,000 95
MS 2,180 2,300 2,250 98
MO 5,600 5,900 5,700 97
NE 5,250 5,300 5,000 94
NJ 100 105 95 90
NY 350 370 380 103
NC 1,640 1,630 1,700 104
ND 6,200 6,600 6,200 94
OH 4,750 5,050 5,100 101
OK 460 505 400 79
PA 570 610 590 97
SC 395 390 380 97
SD 5,100 5,450 5,100 94
TN 1,600 1,820 1,750 96
TX 125 100 110 110
VA 580 610 540 89
WI 2,110 2,150 1,900 88
US 83,600 87,050 83,495 96
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Peanut Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
AL 175.0 190.0 195.0 103
AR 35.0 45.0 45.0 100
FL 160.0 165.0 180.0 109
GA 775.0 850.0 950.0 112
MS 18.0 26.0 30.0 115
MO 2/ (NA) 24.0 25.0 104
NM 3/ 11.0 (NA) (NA) (X)
NC 124.0 130.0 135.0 104
OK 16.0 19.0 20.0 105
SC 77.0 82.0 90.0 110
TX 225.0 240.0 250.0 104
VA 29.0 30.0 30.0 100
US 1,645.0 1,801.0 1,950.0 108
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates began in 2024.
3/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Sunflower Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Varietal type Area planted
and State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
Oil
CA 28.0 15.5 12.5 81
CO 26.0 22.5 27.0 120
KS 28.0 9.5 13.0 137
MN 49.0 31.0 63.0 203
NE 31.0 26.0 27.0 104
ND 500.0 230.0 450.0 196
SD 455.0 245.0 340.0 139
TX 44.0 14.5 28.0 193
US 1,161.0 594.0 960.5 162
Non-oil
CA 0.5 0.3 1.0 333
CO 8.0 4.0 3.0 75
KS 6.0 1.0 2.0 200
MN 9.5 6.7 8.0 119
NE 8.5 2.3 4.0 174
ND 75.0 75.0 50.0 67
SD 40.0 34.0 40.0 118
TX 6.5 3.5 4.0 114
US 154.0 126.8 112.0 88
All
CA 28.5 15.8 13.5 85
CO 34.0 26.5 30.0 113
KS 34.0 10.5 15.0 143
MN 58.5 37.7 71.0 188
NE 39.5 28.3 31.0 110
ND 575.0 305.0 500.0 164
SD 495.0 279.0 380.0 136
TX 50.5 18.0 32.0 178
US 1,315.0 720.8 1,072.5 149
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Flaxseed Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
MT 68 56 85 152
ND 110 92 100 109
US 178 148 185 125
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Cotton Area Planted by Type - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
Type and State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
Upland
AL 380.0 400.0 360.0 90
AZ 76.0 96.0 110.0 115
AR 510.0 650.0 580.0 89
CA 13.0 21.0 17.0 81
FL 89.0 85.0 65.0 76
GA 1,110.0 1,100.0 1,000.0 91
KS 112.0 131.0 140.0 107
LA 120.0 155.0 110.0 71
MS 400.0 520.0 360.0 69
MO 335.0 400.0 320.0 80
NM 32.0 41.0 25.0 61
NC 380.0 410.0 290.0 71
OK 420.0 435.0 330.0 76
SC 210.0 225.0 180.0 80
TN 265.0 265.0 235.0 89
TX 5,550.0 5,950.0 5,500.0 92
VA 81.0 91.0 88.0 97
US 10,083.0 10,975.0 9,710.0 88
American Pima
AZ 16.0 14.0 24.0 171
CA 85.0 145.0 100.0 69
NM 17.0 15.0 6.0 40
TX 29.0 33.0 27.0 82
US 147.0 207.0 157.0 76
All
AL 380.0 400.0 360.0 90
AZ 92.0 110.0 134.0 122
AR 510.0 650.0 580.0 89
CA 98.0 166.0 117.0 70
FL 89.0 85.0 65.0 76
GA 1,110.0 1,100.0 1,000.0 91
KS 112.0 131.0 140.0 107
LA 120.0 155.0 110.0 71
MS 400.0 520.0 360.0 69
MO 335.0 400.0 320.0 80
NM 49.0 56.0 31.0 55
NC 380.0 410.0 290.0 71
OK 420.0 435.0 330.0 76
SC 210.0 225.0 180.0 80
TN 265.0 265.0 235.0 89
TX 5,579.0 5,983.0 5,527.0 92
VA 81.0 91.0 88.0 97
US 10,230.0 11,182.0 9,867.0 88
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Sugarbeet Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California]
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
CA 2/ 23.1 28.3 28.0 99
CO 23.3 24.8 29.0 117
ID 174.7 173.2 170.0 98
MI 133.1 135.2 136.0 101
MN 429.5 411.0 432.0 105
MT 23.8 24.6 24.0 98
NE 46.8 47.3 46.0 97
ND 228.8 215.8 222.0 103
OR 10.8 10.5 11.0 105
WA 2.0 1.9 2.0 105
WY 29.1 31.7 32.0 101
US 1,125.0 1,104.3 1,132.0 103
================================================================================
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from processors.
2/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Tobacco Area Harvested - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area harvested
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(acres) (%)
GA 2/ 6,300 (NA) (NA) (X)
KY 36,600 32,800 30,700 94
NC 113,120 114,000 115,000 101
PA 2/ 2,840 (NA) (NA) (X)
SC 2/ 5,900 (NA) (NA) (X)
TN 8,950 8,250 9,500 115
VA 12,830 12,400 11,400 92
US 186,540 167,450 166,600 99
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended area harvested in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area harvested
Class, type, and State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(acres) (%)
Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)
GA 2/ 6,300 (NA) (NA) (X)
NC 113,000 114,000 115,000 101
SC 2/ 5,900 (NA) (NA) (X)
VA 12,600 12,400 11,400 92
US 137,800 126,400 126,400 100
Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)
KY 6,200 4,700 3,600 77
TN 4,900 3,700 3,800 103
VA 2/ 90 (NA) (NA) (X)
US 11,190 8,400 7,400 88
Class 3A, Light air-cured
Type 31, Burley
Kentucky 27,000 25,000 24,000 96
North Carolina 2/ 120 (NA) (NA) (X)
Pennsylvania 2/ 1,100 (NA) (NA) (X)
Tennessee 2,900 3,600 3,500 97
Virginia 2/ 140 (NA) (NA) (X)
United States 31,260 28,600 27,500 96
Type 32, Southern Maryland 2/
Pennsylvania 40 (NA) (NA) (X)
United States 40 (NA) (NA) (X)
Total light air-cured (31-32) 31,300 28,600 27,500 96
Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)
KY 3,400 3,100 3,100 100
TN 1,150 950 2,200 232
US 4,550 4,050 5,300 131
Class 4, Cigar filler 2/
Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf
Pennsylvania 1,700 (NA) (NA) (X)
United States 1,700 (NA) (NA) (X)
All tobacco
US 186,540 167,450 166,600 99
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended area harvested in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Dry Edible Bean Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
[Excludes beans grown for garden seed]
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
CA 2/ 16.0 (NA) (NA) (X)
CO 33.0 52.0 56.0 108
ID 35.0 45.0 55.0 122
MI 210.0 250.0 250.0 100
MN 210.0 280.0 320.0 114
NE 100.0 130.0 120.0 92
ND 530.0 730.0 630.0 86
WA 32.0 46.0 39.0 85
WY 2/ 14.0 (NA) (NA) (X)
US 1,180.0 1,533.0 1,470.0 96
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Chickpea Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
Size and State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
Small chickpeas 2/
CA 3/ (D) (NA) (NA) (X)
ID 23.0 38.0 25.0 66
MT 40.0 48.0 50.0 104
ND (D) 14.0 18.0 129
WA 31.0 38.0 32.0 84
OtrSt 4/ 7.3 - - (X)
US 101.3 138.0 125.0 91
Large chickpeas 5/
CA 3/ (D) (NA) (NA) (X)
ID 49.0 59.0 75.0 127
MT 133.0 172.0 220.0 128
ND (D) 30.0 31.0 103
WA 67.0 103.0 110.0 107
OtrSt 4/ 16.7 - - (X)
US 265.7 364.0 436.0 120
All chickpeas
CA 3/ 3.0 (NA) (NA) (X)
ID 72.0 97.0 100.0 103
MT 173.0 220.0 270.0 123
ND 21.0 44.0 49.0 111
WA 98.0 141.0 142.0 101
US 367.0 502.0 561.0 112
================================================================================
- Represents zero.
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller.
3/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
4/ Includes data withheld above.
5/ Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Lentil Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
ID 2/ 18.0 (NA) (NA) (X)
MT 390.0 720.0 820.0 114
ND 92.0 165.0 225.0 136
WA 45.0 51.0 55.0 108
US 545.0 936.0 1,100.0 118
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Dry Edible Pea Area Planted - States and United States: 2023-2025
================================================================================
Area planted
State
2023 2024 2025 1/ Percent of
previous year
================================================================================
(1,000 acres) (%)
ID 19.0 11.0 17.0 155
MT 580.0 590.0 550.0 93
NE 21.0 26.0 13.0 50
ND 260.0 300.0 260.0 87
SD 2/ 13.0 (NA) (NA) (X)
WA 62.0 49.0 55.0 112
US 955.0 976.0 895.0 92
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Intended plantings in 2025 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2/ Estimates discontinued in 2024.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units -
United States: 2024 and 2025
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from
previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank
data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
================================================================================
Area planted Area harvested
Crop
2024 2025 2024 2025
================================================================================
(1,000 acres)
Grains and hay
Barley 2,373 2,317 1,875
Corn for grain 1/ 90,594 95,326 82,896
Corn for silage (NA) 6,100
Hay, all (NA) (NA) 49,390 48,493
Alfalfa (NA) 14,612
All other (NA) 34,778
Oats 2,213 2,177 886
Proso millet 481 427
Rice 2,910 2,895 2,867
Rye 2,206 402
Sorghum for grain 1/ 6,300 6,565 5,605
Sorghum for silage (NA) 306
Wheat, all 46,079 45,350 38,469
Winter 33,390 33,315 26,103
Durum 2,064 2,015 2,036
Other spring 10,625 10,020 10,330
Oilseeds
Canola 2,751.5 2,566.0 2,710.0
Cottonseed (X) (X)
Flaxseed 148 185 140
Mustard seed 185.0 176.9
Peanuts 1,801.0 1,950.0 1,758.0
Rapeseed 17.5 15.7
Safflower 116.6 108.0
Soybeans for beans 87,050 83,495 86,050
Sunflower 720.8 1,072.5 686.1
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 11,182.0 9,867.0 8,271.2
Upland 10,975.0 9,710.0 8,070.5
American Pima 207.0 157.0 200.7
Sugarbeets 1,104.3 1,132.0 1,085.5
Sugarcane (NA) 920.0
Tobacco (NA) (NA) 167.5 166.6
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas 502.0 561.0 492.4
Dry edible beans 1,533.0 1,470.0 1,503.6
Dry edible peas 976.0 895.0 939.9
Lentils 936.0 1,100.0 903.0
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops (NA) 44.8
Maple syrup (NA) (NA)
Mushrooms (NA) (NA)
Peppermint oil (NA) 23.2
Potatoes 930.0 925.4
Spearmint oil (NA) 10.3
================================================================================
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units -
United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from
previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank
data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
================================================================================
Yield per acre Production
Crop
2024 2025 2024 2025
================================================================================
(1,000)
Grains and hay
Barley bushels 76.7 143,836
Corn for grain bushels 179.3 14,866,744
Corn for silage tons 20.2 123,093
Hay, all tons 2.48 122,462
Alfalfa tons 3.41 49,840
All other tons 2.09 72,622
Oats bushels 76.5 67,793
Proso millet bushels 32.9 14,061
Rice 2/ cwt 7,748 222,133
Rye bushels 36.6 14,729
Sorghum for grain bushels 61.3 343,850
Sorghum for silage tons 13.3 4,062
Wheat, all bushels 51.2 1,971,301
Winter bushels 51.7 1,348,930
Durum bushels 39.3 80,051
Other spring bushels 52.5 542,320
Oilseeds
Canola pounds 1,784 4,834,030
Cottonseed tons (X) 4,401.0
Flaxseed bushels 17.3 2,420
Mustard seed pounds 577 102,015
Peanuts pounds 3,668 6,448,020
Rapeseed pounds 2,019 31,705
Safflower pounds 1,200 129,585
Soybeans for beans bushels 50.7 4,366,492
Sunflower pounds 1,670 1,145,605
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton 2/, all bales 836 14,414.0
Upland 2/ bales 829 13,946.0
American Pima 2/ bales 1,119 468.0
Sugarbeets tons 32.5 35,278
Sugarcane tons 37.4 34,381
Tobacco pounds 1,942 325,220
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas 2/ cwt 1,144 5,632
Dry edible beans 2/ cwt 2,081 31,289
Dry edible peas 2/ cwt 1,775 16,679
Lentils 2/ cwt 1,002 9,049
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops pounds 1,944 87,072.2
Maple syrup gallons (NA) 5,860
Mushrooms pounds (NA) 658,739
Peppermint oil pounds 103 2,391
Potatoes cwt 454 420,242
Spearmint oil pounds 132 1,357
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Area planted for all purposes.
2/ Yield in pounds.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United
States: 2024 and 2025
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from
previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank
data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
================================================================================
Area planted Area harvested
Crop
2024 2025 2024 2025
================================================================================
(hectares)
Grains and hay
Barley 960,330 937,670 758,790
Corn for grain 1/ 36,662,490 38,577,480 33,547,180
Corn for silage (NA) 2,468,610
Hay 2/, all (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 19,624,630
Alfalfa (NA) 5,913,330
All other (NA) 14,074,310
Oats 895,580 881,010 358,560
Proso millet 194,660 172,800
Rice 1,177,650 1,171,580 1,160,250
Rye 892,750 162,690
Sorghum for grain 1/ 2,549,550 2,656,790 2,268,290
Sorghum for silage (NA) 123,840
Wheat 2/, all 18,647,710 18,352,690 15,568,020
Winter 13,512,600 13,482,250 10,563,620
Durum 835,280 815,450 823,950
Other spring 4,299,830 4,054,990 4,180,450
Oilseeds
Canola 1,113,500 1,038,430 1,096,710
Cottonseed (X) (X)
Flaxseed 59,890 74,870 56,660
Mustard seed 74,870 71,590
Peanuts 728,850 789,150 711,450
Rapeseed 7,080 6,350
Safflower 47,190 43,710
Soybeans for beans 35,228,260 33,789,590 34,823,570
Sunflower 291,700 434,030 277,660
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton 2/, all 4,525,240 3,993,080 3,347,270
Upland 4,441,470 3,929,540 3,266,050
American Pima 83,770 63,540 81,220
Sugarbeets 446,900 458,110 439,290
Sugarcane (NA) 372,310
Tobacco (NA) (NA) 67,770 67,420
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas 203,150 227,030 199,270
Dry edible beans 620,390 594,890 608,490
Dry edible peas 394,980 362,200 380,370
Lentils 378,790 445,160 365,440
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops (NA) 18,130
Maple syrup (NA) (NA)
Mushrooms (NA) (NA)
Peppermint oil (NA) 9,390
Potatoes 376,360 374,500
Spearmint oil (NA) 4,170
================================================================================
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United
States: 2024 and 2025 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from
previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank
data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
================================================================================
Yield per hectare Production
Crop
2024 2025 2024 2025
================================================================================
(metric tons)
Grains and hay
Barley 4.13 3,131,660
Corn for grain 11.26 377,632,690
Corn for silage 45.24 111,668,090
Hay 2/, all 5.56 111,095,660
Alfalfa 7.65 45,214,090
All other 4.68 65,881,570
Oats 2.74 984,010
Proso millet 1.85 318,900
Rice 8.68 10,075,780
Rye 2.30 374,130
Sorghum for grain 3.85 8,734,190
Sorghum for silage 29.76 3,684,980
Wheat 2/, all 3.45 53,650,020
Winter 3.48 36,711,860
Durum 2.64 2,178,630
Other spring 3.53 14,759,530
Oilseeds
Canola 2.00 2,192,680
Cottonseed (X) 3,992,520
Flaxseed 1.08 61,470
Mustard seed 0.65 46,270
Peanuts 4.11 2,924,770
Rapeseed 2.26 14,380
Safflower 1.34 58,780
Soybeans for beans 3.41 118,836,440
Sunflower 1.87 519,640
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton 2/, all 0.94 3,138,280
Upland 0.93 3,036,380
American Pima 1.25 101,890
Sugarbeets 72.85 32,003,660
Sugarcane 83.77 31,189,920
Tobacco 2.18 147,520
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas 1.28 255,460
Dry edible beans 2.33 1,419,250
Dry edible peas 1.99 756,550
Lentils 1.12 410,460
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops 2.18 39,500
Maple syrup (NA) 29,300
Mushrooms (NA) 298,800
Peppermint oil 0.12 1,080
Potatoes 50.90 19,061,860
Spearmint oil 0.15 620
================================================================================
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ Area planted for all purposes.
2/ Total may not add due to rounding.
Winter Weather Summary
Highlights: On the strength of a very warm December and a dry January, the
Lower 48 States experienced an overall mild, dry winter. However, spatial
details revealed a much more complex scenario, highlighted by persistently
warm, dry weather in the Southwest; episodic cold outbreaks in the central
and eastern United States, as well as the Northwest; and a lack of winter
snowfall in many areas from the northern Plains to the northern
Atlantic Coast, including the western Corn Belt. Northern "snow drought"
stood in stark contrast to several Southern snowstorms, including epic
accumulations on January 21 along the Gulf Coast. In southern California,
warm, windy weather-in the wake of a pair of winters with abundant
precipitation and robust vegetative growth-culminated in disastrous and
apocalyptic wildfires, starting on January 7, 2025.
Following a protracted wait, La Niña finally developed-albeit weakly-in time
to influence winter weather patterns across North America. Southwestern
warmth and dryness, as well as occasionally sharp cold waves in the central
and eastern United States, were consistent with a La Niña-driven regime.
La Niña also likely influenced Western precipitation patterns, leading to a
sharp gradient between Southwestern dryness and robust storminess extending
eastward from Oregon and northern California.
By the end of winter, there were two main areas of drought across the western
and central United States-one focused from southern California to western and
southern Texas, and the other covering portions of the northern Plains and
upper Midwest. Among states comprising the Rockies and Plains, topsoil
moisture rated very short to short at the end of February-as reported by
USDA/NASS-ranged from 35 percent in Kansas to 83 percent in South Dakota.
Trailing South Dakota were New Mexico (79 percent very short to short),
Nebraska (71 percent), Texas (64 percent), Wyoming (64 percent), and Colorado
(58 percent). Overwintering conditions were decidedly mixed for wheat, which
had struggled with widespread dryness during the autumn establishment season.
Among major winter wheat production states on the Plains, South Dakota led at
the end of February with 42 percent of the crop rated in very poor to poor
condition, followed by Nebraska (38 percent) and Texas (33 percent). Winter
wheat in Texas further deteriorated in early spring amid warmth, howling
winds, and blowing dust, leaving 39 percent of the crop rated very poor to
poor by March 16.
According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage stood at
43.59 percent of the Lower 48 States on March 11, 2025, virtually unchanged
from 43.64 percent on December 3, 2024. Coverage had briefly dipped below
37 percent for 2 weeks in January. However, coverage of extreme to
exceptional drought-D3 to D4-increased from 4.65 to 7.47 percent between
December 3 and March 11, mostly reflecting worsening conditions in parts of
the Southwest.
Historical Perspective: According to preliminary data provided by the
National Centers for Environmental Information, the Nation experienced a
mild, dry winter, on the strength of a very warm December (fourth warmest on
record) and a very dry January (fifth driest). Overall, it was the Nation's
27th-warmest, 20th-driest winter during the 130-year period of record. Despite
the December-February temperature averaging 34.09°F (1.86°F above the
20th-century mean), it was the coldest winter across the Lower 48 States since
2020-21. Meanwhile, winter precipitation averaged 5.87 inches across the
contiguous United States, 0.92 inch below the 1901-2000 mean. It was the
Nation's third-driest winter in the last two decades, comparable to 2013-14
(5.82 inches) and 2021-22 (5.80 inches).
Only a handful of states from the Ohio Valley to the mid-Atlantic ranked in
the lower (colder) half of the winter temperature distribution.
West Virginia, with its 53rd-coldest winter, had the lowest ranking.
Conversely, it was a top-ten winter for warmth in Arizona, California, and
Nevada. Meanwhile, state precipitation rankings ranged from the second-driest
winter in Arizona and New Mexico to the 16th-wettest winter in Kentucky. Utah
also made the top-ten list for winter dryness. In Arizona, December-February
precipitation averaged 0.39 inch, just 11 percent of the 1901-2000 mean; only
the winter of 2005-06, with 0.21 inch, was drier. Similarly, New Mexico's
winter precipitation averaged 0.38 inch, barely wetter than the
2005-06 record low of 0.34 inch.
December: December's atmospheric patterns across the country were consistent
with those typically observed during La Niña. Notably, warmer- and
drier-than-normal weather dominated the Nation's southwestern quadrant, from
southern California to the central and southern High Plains. Conversely,
Pacific storm systems frequently affected northern California and the
Northwest. Consequently, there was a sharp divide between mostly favorable
early-season mountain snowpack in the Northwest and non-existent to deficient
snowpack in the Southwest. Farther east, episodic cold outbreaks-also typical
of La Niña-led to substantial day-to-day temperature variations across the
central and eastern United States. Still, monthly temperatures averaged 2 to
10°F above normal in most locations from the Pacific Coast to the
Mississippi Valley, with colder-than-normal conditions largely limited to
portions of the Atlantic Coast States. The warmest weather, relative to
normal, affected the northern High Plains and eastern slopes of the northern
Rockies, where frequent downslope (chinook) winds kept cold air and most
precipitation at bay. Meanwhile, key winter agricultural regions in
Deep South Texas and peninsular Florida escaped without a December freeze,
despite several incursions of chilly air.
Despite the return of dry weather across the central and southern
High Plains, winter wheat continued to benefit from precipitation that had
fallen during November. Farther north, however, pockets of significant
drought continued to adversely affect a portion of the northern Plains'
wheat. Despite wheat lacking a protective snow cover, except in some northern
production areas, the crop was overwintering well. Exceptions included areas
where wheat fields were exhibiting drought-related uneven emergence or poor
establishment. Elsewhere, abundant December precipitation from eastern Texas
into the mid-South and Midwest reduced drought coverage and intensity, while
portions of the lower Southeast-including much of Florida-ended the year on a
dry note.
The month ended with unusual warmth affecting a broad area-a fitting close to
the Nation's warmest year on record. On December 30, parts of Texas narrowly
missed experiencing triple-digit heat, as Faith Ranch-near Carrizo Springs-
topped out at 99°F. On the same day, the reading of 91°F in Del Rio, Texas,
tied a monthly record originally set on December 14, 2019. One byproduct of
the warmth was a 4-day severe weather outbreak starting December 26 that
spawned several dozen tornadoes-mostly from eastern Texas to the southern
Atlantic States-and a barrage of wind-damage reports peaking on December 28.
January: With a weak La Niña in place, episodic January cold outbreaks fueled
a colder-than-normal month nearly nationwide. Cold weather was particularly
pronounced in the central and eastern United States, with parts of the
central and southern Plains, as well as an area extending from the
Ohio Valley to the Gulf Coast, noting monthly temperatures ranging from 5 to
10°F below normal. The chilly pattern was highlighted by a sharp cold
outbreak that generally peaked from January 19-22. The Arctic blast, which
trailed multiple winter-weather events-including a Deep South snowstorm-
resulted in sub-0°F temperatures as far south as the northern panhandle of
Texas and the Ohio Valley. On January 22, widespread readings below 10°F were
reported in the central Gulf Coast region, although freshly fallen snow from
southeastern Texas to the southern Atlantic Coast-excluding Florida's
peninsula-helped to insulate winter grains and cover crops, as well as
Louisiana's new-growth sugarcane. Deep South Texas experienced a single night
with sub-freezing temperatures, while Florida's citrus belt escaped with
scattered frost.
Farther north and west, the Plains' winter wheat-already struggling in some
areas due to drought-was broadly exposed to bitterly cold air without the
benefit of a protective snow cover. Not unexpectedly, some of the
lowest-rated wheat, according to USDA/NASS, was situated in the coldest,
driest areas, with 34 percent of Nebraska's crop in very poor to poor
condition on January 31, along with 28 percent of South Dakota's wheat.
Across the Plains and neighboring states, topsoil moisture at the end of
January was rated 88 percent very short to short in New Mexico, along with
83 percent in South Dakota, 81 percent in Wyoming, 78 percent in Nebraska,
62 percent in Montana, 54 percent in Texas, and 51 percent in Colorado.
Although wintry weather bypassed some areas, there were plenty of January
storm systems. East of the Rockies, the three most notable storms were spaced
roughly a week apart, starting on January 5-6 and ending on January 21-22.
The initial system dumped heavy snow from the east-central Plains to the
middle Atlantic States, while subsequent storms affected areas farther south.
As the final major storm traversed the Deep South, historically heavy snow
developed on January 21 from southeastern Texas to northern Florida and
southern Georgia. In fact, January 21 became the snowiest day on record in
multiple cities and towns from Beaumont-Port Arthur, Texas, to Pensacola,
Florida. With storm-total snowfall of 8.9 inches, Pensacola (and many other
communities in the panhandle) more than doubled Florida's former state record
24-hour snowfall, which had been 4.0 inches in Milton on March 6, 1954.
However, all three major storms passed well south of the north-central
United States, leaving parts of the northern Plains and much of the western
Corn Belt in a "snow drought." Through January, season-to-date snowfall
amounts in locations such as Des Moines, Iowa (4.7 inches), and Lincoln,
Nebraska (1.0 inch), were considerably below the totals in Gulf Coast cities
such as New Orleans, Louisiana (8.0 inches), and Mobile, Alabama
(7.5 inches).
Farther west, the middle of winter was disappointingly quiet in most areas
from the Pacific Coast to the Rockies. In fact, Southwestern snowpack was
seriously deficient, with most river basins in Arizona and New Mexico
reporting a snow-water equivalency less than one-half of the end-of-January
average. Much of the Northwest also experienced a drier-than-normal January,
although earlier storminess had helped to establish high-elevation snowpack.
The line separating respectable and insufficient snowpack ran through the
Sierra Nevada, which on average added less than an inch of snow-water
equivalency in January. By month's end, the average water equivalency of the
Sierra Nevada snowpack stood at less than 11 inches, only two-thirds of the
late-January average, with values ranging from less than 7 inches in the
south to about 15 inches in the north. Meanwhile in southern California, a
delayed-onset wet season, following abundant vegetative growth during the
wetter-than-normal winters of 2022-23 and 2023-24, set the stage for a
horrific rash of wildfires, starting on January 7. Collectively, southern
California's wildfires scorched more than 57,000 acres of terrain; destroyed
more than 16,000 homes, businesses, and other buildings; and resulted in at
least 29 fatalities. In terms of incinerated structures, the 14,021-acre
Eaton Fire and the 23,707-acre Palisades Fire became the second- and
third-most destructive blazes, respectively, in state history, as well as
California's fifth- and ninth-deadliest wildfires.
February: Like January, February featured a sharp cold wave peaking just
after the middle of the month. However, winter wheat's protective snow cover
across the Plains was much more expansive during the latter outbreak,
limiting winterkill losses that might otherwise have occurred. There were
also several less-severe cold spells, leading to February temperatures
averaging 5 to 15°F below normal across the northern half of the Plains.
Colder-than-normal conditions also spilled into the Northwest, as well as
much of the southern Plains and Midwest. Conversely, warmer-than-normal
weather dominated the Southeast and Southwest, with February temperatures
averaging at least 5°F above normal in Florida cities such as Orlando and
Tallahassee, as well as Southwestern communities such as Albuquerque,
New Mexico, and Phoenix, Arizona. Florida's peninsula, along with Deep South
Texas, escaped the February cold snap without a freeze.
According to USDA/NASS, more than one-quarter of the winter wheat was rated
in very poor to poor condition at the end of February in several key
production states, including South Dakota (42 percent), Nebraska
(38 percent), Texas (33 percent), and Oklahoma (29 percent). The crop was
faring better in top-producer Kansas (54 percent good to excellent and
14 percent very poor to poor). In Colorado and Montana, 67 percent of the
winter wheat was rated in good to excellent condition on February 28.
Meanwhile, end-of-February statewide topsoil moisture rated very short to
short across the Plains and Rockies ranged from 35 percent in Kansas to
83 percent in South Dakota. Additionally, topsoil moisture was rated at least
one-half very short to short in New Mexico (79 percent), Nebraska
(71 percent), Texas (64 percent), Wyoming (64 percent), and Colorado
(58 percent). In Texas, drought- and freeze-related impacts left 65 percent
of the rangeland and pastures in very poor to poor condition by the end of
February.
In contrast, robust February precipitation was broadly observed, including an
area stretching from Oregon and northern California to the northern
High Plains. Even southern California experienced some limited drought
relief. Wet February weather also affected portions of the central Plains and
the South. In the latter region, a mid-month deluge led to extensive flooding
in Kentucky and neighboring states. Top-ten crests were reported along the
Kentucky River, which rose to its highest level in 4 years in Kentucky
locations such as Heidelberg and Ravenna. Elsewhere in Kentucky, significant
lowland flooding was observed along the Cumberland, Green, and Rolling Fork
Rivers. Near-record flooding was measured along parts of the Obion River in
western Tennessee, with the community of Obion noting its highest water level
since January 1937. Snow and bitterly cold conditions immediately trailed the
mid-South flooding, complicating recovery efforts.
Spring and summer runoff prospects across the western United States were
decidedly mixed, ranging from abysmal in much of Arizona and New Mexico to
mostly favorable from Oregon and northern California to the northern Rockies.
The Sierra Nevada served as a transition zone, with the end-of-February
average snow-water equivalency of 19 inches (about 85 percent of normal)
belying the fact that there was a large variation from 15 inches in the south
to more than 23 inches in the north. According to the California Department
of Water Resources, the Sierra Nevada snowpack gained an average of
approximately 8 inches of water equivalency during February.
Crop Comments
Corn: Growers intend to plant 95.3 million acres of corn for all purposes in
2025, an increase of 5 percent from last year.
Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in
40 of the 48 estimating States. Acreage increases of 400,000 acres or more
from last year are expected in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota.
Record high acreage is expected in Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, and
South Dakota. Record low acreage is expected in Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and West Virginia.
Sorghum: Growers intend to plant 6.57 million acres of sorghum for all
purposes in 2025, up 4 percent from last year. Kansas, the leading sorghum-
producing State, is expecting 3 percent more sorghum acres in 2025 than last
year. Texas growers are expecting to plant 12 percent more sorghum acres than
last year. As of March 23, Texas growers had planted 37 percent of their
expected acreage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage
points ahead of the 5-year average.
Oats: Area expected to be seeded to oats for the 2025 crop year is estimated
at 2.18 million acres, down 2 percent from 2024. If realized, the
United States planted area will be the lowest on record. Record low planted
acreage is expected in Idaho, Maine, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and
Texas.
Barley: Producers intend to plant a record low 2.32 million acres of barley
for the 2025 crop year, down 2 percent from the previous year. In Montana,
the largest barley State, acreage is expected to decrease by 11 percent from
last year. Planted area is a record low in California, Colorado, New York,
Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin.
Winter wheat: The 2025 winter wheat planted area is estimated at 33.3 million
acres, down 2 percent from the previous estimate and down less than 1 percent
from last year. Of the total planted acreage, approximately 23.6 million
acres are Hard Red Winter, 6.09 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and
3.66 million acres are White Winter. If realized, California and Virginia
will have record low planted areas.
Durum wheat: Area seeded to Durum wheat for 2025 is estimated at 2.02 million
acres, down 2 percent from 2024. As of March 23, heading of Durum wheat in
Arizona was 20 percent complete, 18 percentage points behind the 5-year
average pace.
Other spring wheat: Growers intend to plant 10.0 million acres of other
spring wheat, down 6 percent from 2024. Of this total, about 9.40 million
acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Planted area in North Dakota, the largest
spring wheat-producing State, is estimated at 5.05 million acres, down
6 percent from last year.
Hay: Producers intend to harvest 48.5 million acres of all hay in 2025, down
2 percent from 2024. Record low all hay harvested area is expected in
Massachusetts, Michigan, North Dakota, and Washington while a record high is
expected in Florida.
Rice: Area planted to rice in 2025 is expected to total 2.90 million acres,
down 1 percent from 2024. Arkansas, the largest long grain rice-producing
State, is expected to decrease long grain acres by 1 percent from the
previous year, but medium grain acres are expected to increase 20 percent in
the State. California, the largest medium and short grain-producing State, is
expected to decrease medium grain planted area by 2 percent and decrease
short grain planted area by 7 percent compared with last year.
Canola: Producers intend to plant 2.57 million acres in 2025, down 7 percent
from last year's record high planted area. If realized, planted area for the
Nation will be the second largest on record. Compared with last year, planted
area is down in five of the seven major canola-producing States, with only
Kansas and Washington showing an increase. Planted area in North Dakota, the
leading canola-producing State, is down 4 percent from last year but will
represent the second highest area on record, if realized. Planted area in
Washington is estimated at 165,000 acres and will be a record high, if
realized.
Soybeans: Growers intend to plant 83.5 million acres in 2025, down 4 percent
from last year. Compared with last year, planting intentions are down or
unchanged in 23 of the 29 estimating States. Decreases of 300,000 acres or
more are anticipated in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota. If realized, the planted acres in New York and Ohio will be
the largest on record.
Peanuts: Growers intend to plant 1.95 million acres in 2025, up 8 percent
from 2024. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to increase
9 percent or more in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. In
Georgia, the largest peanut-producing State, planted area is expected to be
up 12 percent from last year to 950,000 acres.
Sunflower: Growers intend to plant 1.07 million acres in 2025, an increase of
49 percent from last year's record low planted area. If realized, this will
still represent the fourth lowest planted area on record for the Nation since
1976. Compared with last year, growers in seven of the eight major
sunflower-producing States expect an increase in planted acreage this year,
with California representing the only State that is expecting a decline from
2024. Planted area in North Dakota is expected to increase 64 percent from
last year to 500,000 acres. Record low planted area is expected in
California.
Area intended for oil type varieties, at 960,500 acres, is up 62 percent from
2024 but will represent the fourth lowest planted area since 1976, if
realized. Of the eight major sunflower-producing States, only California is
expecting a decrease in acreage planted to oil type varieties of sunflower.
Area intended for non-oil varieties, at 112,000 acres, is down 12 percent
from last year and will represent the second lowest acreage on record for the
Nation, if realized. Compared with last year, growers in six of the eight
major sunflower-producing States expect an increase in acreage for non-oil
type varieties. The only two States expecting a decline from 2024 are
Colorado and North Dakota, which are expecting declines of 1,000 acres and
25,000 acres, respectively.
Flaxseed: Growers intend to plant 185,000 acres of flaxseed in 2025, an
increase of 25 percent from 2024. Planted acreage in North Dakota, the
largest flaxseed-producing State, is expected to be up 9 percent from 2024.
Planted acreage in Montana is expected to increase 52 percent from the
previous year.
Cotton: Growers intend to plant an estimated 9.87 million acres of all
cotton, down 12 percent from last year. Upland cotton planted area is
estimated at 9.71 million acres, down 12 percent from 2024. American Pima
planted area is estimated at 157,000 acres, down 24 percent from 2024.
Compared with last year, acreage decreases are expected in all cotton-
estimating States except Arizona and Kansas. Area planted to all cotton in
Georgia and Texas, the largest cotton-producing States, is expected to
decline by 9 percent and 8 percent, respectively, compared with last year. If
realized, all cotton planted area in Louisiana and New Mexico will be the
lowest on record.
Sugarbeets: Area expected to be planted to sugarbeets for the 2025 crop year
is estimated at 1.13 million acres, up 3 percent from 2024. Compared with
last year, intended planted acreage in Minnesota is expected to increase
by 5 percent this season.
Tobacco: United States all tobacco area for harvest in 2025 is expected to
total 166,600 acres, down 1 percent from 2024. If realized, this will be the
lowest tobacco harvested area on record for the Nation. Compared with last
year, harvested acreage is expected to be down in two of the four major
tobacco-producing States. Record low area harvested is expected in Kentucky
and Virginia.
Flue-cured tobacco, at 126,400 acres, is unchanged from 2024 and accounts for
76 percent of this year's total expected harvested acreage. The light air-
cured burley tobacco, at 27,500 acres, is down 4 percent from last year.
Fire-cured tobacco, at 7,400 acres, is down 12 percent from 2024. Dark
air-cured tobacco, at 5,300 acres, is up 31 percent from the previous year.
Dry edible beans: Growers intend to plant 1.47 million acres in 2025,
down 4 percent from the previous year. Record high planted area is expected
in Minnesota.
Chickpeas: Growers intend to plant 561,000 acres of chickpeas, up 12 percent
from the previous year. Planted area for small chickpeas is estimated at
125,000 acres. Area expected to be planted for large chickpeas in 2025 is
estimated at 436,000 acres.
Lentils: Growers intend to plant 1.10 million acres in 2025, up 18 percent
from the previous season. Planted area is expected to increase in all program
States, with a record high expected in Montana.
Dry edible peas: Growers intend to plant 895,000 acres in 2025,
down 8 percent from the previous year. Planted area is expected to decrease
in Montana, Nebraska, and North Dakota, with a record low in Nebraska.
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: The acreage estimates in this report are based primarily
on surveys conducted during the first two weeks of March. The March
Agricultural Survey is a probability survey that includes a sample of
approximately 73,700 farm operators selected from a list of producers that
ensures all operations in the United States have a chance to be selected.
Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone to obtain
information on crop acreage intentions for the 2025 crop year.
Estimating Procedures: National, Regional, State, and grower reported data
were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates.
Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to
the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). Survey data are compiled to the
National level and are reviewed at this level independently of each State's
review. Acreage estimates were based on survey data and the historical
relationship of official estimates to the survey data.
Revision Policy: Acreage estimates in the Prospective Plantings report will
not be revised. These estimates are intended to reflect grower intentions as
of the survey period. New acreage estimates will be made based on surveys
conducted in June when crop acreages have been established or planting
intentions are firm. These new estimates will be published in the Acreage
report scheduled for June 30, 2025. Winter wheat is an exception. Since
winter wheat was seeded prior to the March survey, any changes in estimates
in this report are considered revisions. The estimate of the harvested
acreage of winter wheat will be published on May 12, 2025, along with the
first production forecast of the crop year.
Reliability: The survey used to make acreage estimates is subject to sampling
and non-sampling errors that are common to all surveys. Sampling errors
represent the variability between estimates that would result if many
different samples were surveyed at the same time. Sampling errors for major
crops are generally between 1.0 and 3.0 percent, but they cannot be applied
directly to the acreage published in this report to determine confidence
intervals because the official estimates represent a composite of information
from more than a single source.
Non-sampling errors cannot be measured directly. They may occur due to
incorrect reporting and/or recording, data omissions or duplications, and
errors in processing. To minimize non-sampling errors, vigorous quality
controls are used in the data collection process and all data are carefully
reviewed for consistency and reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of acreage estimates in this
report, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past
performance, is computed. The deviations between the acreage estimates in
this report and the final estimates are expressed as a percentage of the
final estimates. The average of squared percentage deviations for the latest
20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes
statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be
made concerning expected differences in the current estimates relative to the
final end-of-season estimates, assuming that factors affecting this year's
estimates are not different from those influencing recent years. For example,
the "Root Mean Square Error" for the corn planted estimate is 2.3 percent.
This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current corn acreage estimate
will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.3 percent.
Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference
will not exceed 4.0 percent.
Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of
the difference between the Prospective Plantings planted acreage estimates
and the final estimates. Using corn again as an example, changes between the
intentions estimates and the final estimates during the past 20 years have
averaged 1.46 million acres, ranging from 32,000 acres to 6.56 million acres.
The prospective plantings estimates have been below the final estimate
11 times and above 9 times. This does not imply that the planted estimate
this year is likely to understate or overstate the final estimate.
Prospective Plantings: Released March 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Reliability of Prospective Plantings Planted Acreage Estimates
[Based on data for the past twenty years]
================================================================================
Diff between forecast
and final estimate
90 percent Thousand acres Years
Crop Root confidence
Mean interval Below Above
Square Average Smallest Largest final
Error
================================================================================
(%) (1,000 acres) (number)
Barley 7.6 13.2 203 14 401 8 12
Corn 2.3 4.0 1,464 32 6,558 11 9
Hay 1/ 3.2 5.5 1,515 34 3,769 2 18
Oats 6.5 11.2 132 3 490 7 13
Peanuts 7.8 13.4 102 8 216 11 9
Rice 7.2 12.5 172 22 329 10 10
Sorghum 8.2 14.2 440 39 1,220 12 8
Soybeans 3.4 5.9 1,837 156 8,517 8 12
Sugarbeets 1.7 3.0 16 1 46 10 10
Upland cotton 7.7 13.3 737 13 2,115 13 7
Wheat
Winter wheat 1.9 3.2 600 21 1,242 5 15
Durum wheat 21.5 37.2 238 36 1,028 13 7
Other spring 5.7 9.9 545 86 2,083 7 13
================================================================================
1/ Harvested acreage.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National
Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail
inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov
Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch (202) 720-2127
Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop
Progress and Condition, Flaxseed, Mustardseed (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates -
Hemp, Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System
Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and
Oils, Flour Milling Products (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts (202)
690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso
Millet, Rice (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum
(202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower (202)
720-7369
Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section (202)
720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions,
Plums, Prunes, Tobacco (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas,
Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes (202) 720-7235 Robert
Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Edible Beans, Kale, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple
Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes,
Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines,
Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh -
Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries,
Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Beets,
Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet
Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace -
Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates,
Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans (202) 720-4215
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For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following
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